{"id":30378,"date":"2023-05-15T08:20:01","date_gmt":"2023-05-15T08:20:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tw\/?p=30378"},"modified":"2023-06-20T08:30:47","modified_gmt":"2023-06-20T08:30:47","slug":"experimental-research-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tw\/experimental-research-design\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8a66\u9a57\u7814\u7a76\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u4e09\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u548c\u5341\u5927\u8aa4\u5340"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728\u79d1\u7814\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\u8ad6\u53ca\u7cfb\u7d71\u5de5\u7a0b\u3001<strong>\u8a66\u9a57\u8a2d\u8a08\u53ca\u512a\u5316<\/strong>\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u5de5\u7a0b\u662f\u4e09\u5927\u901a\u7528\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u7cfb\u7d71\u8ad6\u53ca\u7cfb\u7d71\u5de5\u7a0b\u662f\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7d71\u96c6\u6210\u70ba\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5f71\u97ff\u56e0\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8a66\u9a57\u8a2d\u8a08\u53ca\u512a\u5316\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u63a7\u5236\u56e0\u5b50\uff08\u5f15\u6578\uff09\u8207\u56de\u61c9\uff08\u56e0\u8b8a\u6578\uff09\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u548c\u5c0b\u512a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u5de5\u7a0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8a2d\u8a08\u548c\u7dad\u4fee\u7b49\u624b\u6bb5\u4f7f\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u5747\u503c\u548c\u504f\u5dee\u5728\u6982\u7387\u7d71\u8a08\u5206\u4f48\u4e0a\u5408\u7406\u4e26\u6eff\u8db3\u53ef\u9760\u5ea6\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u8a66\u9a57\u7814\u7a76\u8a2d\u8a08\uff08experimental 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factorial design\uff09\u548c\u90e8\u5206\u6790\u56e0\u8a2d\u8a08\uff08partial factorial design\uff09\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u5404\u56e0\u5b50\u6c34\u6e96\u503c\u7684\u7d44\u5408\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u5c11\u65bc3\u500b\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u5168\u6790\u56e0\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u56e0\u5b50-\u56de\u61c9\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u8655\u7406\u548c\u5c55\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a1\u7528\u53c3\u8b8a\u6578\u6383\u503c\uff08parametric sweeping\uff09\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u591a\u65bc3\u500b\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u5168\u6790\u56e0\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u56e0\u5b50-\u56de\u61c9\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u8655\u7406\u548c\u5c55\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u80fd\u63a1\u7528\u56de\u61c9\u66f2\u9762\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08response surface method\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31RSM\uff09\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u6790\u56e0\u8a2d\u8a08\u5305\u62ec\u50b3\u7d71\u8a2d\u8a08\uff08traditional design\uff09\u548c\u975e\u50b3\u7d71\u8a2d\u8a08\uff08non-traditional design\uff09\u3002\u50b3\u7d71\u8a2d\u8a08\u5305\u62ec\u6b63\u4ea4\u8a2d\u8a08\uff08orthogonal design\uff09\u3001\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8907\u5408\u9762\u8a2d\u8a08\uff08central composite face\uff09\u3001D-\u6700\u512a\uff08D-Optimal\uff09\u8a2d\u8a08\u7b49\u5927\u91cf\u8a66\u9a57\u8a2d\u8a08\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u975e\u50b3\u7d71\u8a2d\u8a08\u5305\u62ec\u62c9\u4e01\u8d85\u7acb\u65b9\uff08Latin Hypercube\uff0c\u53c8\u7a31\u7a7a\u9593\u586b\u5145\u6cd5\uff09\u548c\u5747\u52fb\u8a2d\u8a08\uff08uniform design\uff09\u3002\u6975\u5dee\u5206\u6790\uff08analysis of range\u6216ANOR\uff09\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u4ea4\u8a2d\u8a08\u800c\u4e0d\u7d93\u904e\u56de\u6b78\u5206\u6790\uff08regression analysis\uff09\u5373\u53ef\u624b\u7b97\u7c97\u7cd9\u5c0b\u512a\u3002\u65b9\u5dee\u5206\u6790\uff08analysis of variance\u6216ANOVA\uff09\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u4f7f\u7528<em>F<\/em>\u6aa2\u9a57\uff08<em>F<\/em>-test\uff09\u5206\u6790\u986f\u8457\u6027\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u56e0\u5b50\u5c0d\u56de\u61c9\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u662f\u5426\u986f\u8457\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u56de\u6b78\u9805\u548c\u6574\u500b\u56de\u6b78\u65b9\u7a0b\u662f\u5426\u986f\u8457\u7b49\u3002\u56de\u6b78\u5206\u6790\u6216\u56de\u61c9\u66f2\u9762\u65b9\u6cd5\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u4f7f\u7528\u64ec\u5408\u5668\uff08emulator\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u56e0\u5b50\u8207\u56de\u61c9\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u80fd\u5920\u9810\u6e2c\u56de\u61c9\u4e26\u7cbe\u7d30\u5c0b\u512a\u3002\u8499\u7279\u5361\u7f85\u6a21\u64ec\uff08Monte Carlo Simulation\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31MCS\uff09\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u4f7f\u7528\u96a8\u6a5f\u62bd\u6a23\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7522\u751f\u96a8\u6a5f\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u96a8\u6a5f\u7d44\u5408\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9019\u4e9b\u8a66\u9a57\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u9818\u57df\u5747\u5927\u91cf\u4f9d\u9760\u7d71\u8a08\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8a66\u9a57\u7814\u7a76\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u5178\u578b\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u5728\u521d\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u5f8c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u5047\u8aaa\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e00\u500b\u5c0d\u7167\u8a66\u9a57\uff08controlled experiment\uff09\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u78ba\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u56e0\u5b50\u662f\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6216\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c07\u7814\u7a76\u5c0d\u8c61\u96a8\u6a5f\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8a66\u9a57\u7d44\uff0c\u6bcf\u7d44\u63a5\u53d7\u4e0d\u540c\u6c34\u6e96\u7684\u56e0\u5b50\u8b8a\u5316\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u63a7\u5236\u56e0\u5b50\u4e0d\u767c\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u7d44\u7a31\u70ba\u5c0d\u7167\u7d44\uff08control group\uff09\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u5c55\u793a\u7814\u7a76\u7269\u4ef6\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8a66\u9a57\u5e72\u9810\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u6216\u8868\u73fe\u3002<strong>\u5206\u914d\u7814\u7a76\u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u5b8c\u5168\u96a8\u6a5f\u8a2d\u8a08\u548c\u96a8\u6a5f\u5206\u7d44\u8a2d\u8a08\u3002<\/strong>\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u96a8\u6a5f\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u7269\u4ef6\u88ab\u96a8\u6a5f\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u63a7\u5236\u56e0\u5b50\u8b8a\u5316\u6c34\u6e96\uff08\u6216\u5728\u91ab\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u6848\uff09\u3002\u5728\u96a8\u6a5f\u5206\u7d44\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u6839\u64da\u5171\u540c\u7279\u5fb5\u5c0d\u7814\u7a76\u7269\u4ef6\u9032\u884c\u5206\u7d44\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5728\u5404\u7d44\u5167\u96a8\u6a5f\u5206\u914d\u63a7\u5236\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u6c34\u6e96\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8a66\u9a57\u7814\u7a76\u8a2d\u8a08\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5283\u5206\u70ba\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\uff1a\u9810\u5099\u8a66\u9a57\u7814\u7a76\u8a2d\u8a08\uff08<\/strong><strong>pre-experimental research design<\/strong><strong>\uff09\uff0c\u51c6\u8a66\u9a57\u7814\u7a76\u8a2d\u8a08\uff08<\/strong><strong>quasi-experimental research design<\/strong><strong>\uff09\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u8a66\u9a57\u7814\u7a76\u8a2d\u8a08\uff08<\/strong><strong>true experimental research design<\/strong><strong>\uff09\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9810\u5099\u8a66\u9a57\u7814\u7a76\u8a2d\u8a08<\/strong>\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u55ae\u56e0\u5b50\u500b\u6848\u7814\u7a76\u8a2d\u8a08\uff08One-Shot Case Study Research Design\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b78\u751f\u5728\u5b78\u671f\u5167\u4e0a\u8ab2\uff0c\u5728\u671f\u672b\u63a5\u53d7\u8003\u6838\u3002\u5b78\u751f\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u7269\u4ef6\u3002\u671f\u672b\u8003\u8a66\u5206\u6578\u662f\u56de\u61c9\u3002\u4e0a\u8ab2\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u662f\u56e0\u5b50\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u55ae\u7d44\u7814\u7a76\u7269\u4ef6\u524d\u6e2c\u548c\u5f8c\u6e2c\u7814\u7a76\u8a2d\u8a08\uff08One-Group Pretest-Posttest Research Design\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e00\u7d44\u75c5\u4eba\u5728\u6cbb\u7642\u524d\u548c\u6cbb\u7642\u5f8c\u5206\u5225\u6536\u96c6\u56de\u61c9\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u54e1\u5de5\u7684\u57f9\u8a13\u6548\u679c\u7d71\u8a08\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u540d\u54e1\u5de5\u5165\u8077\u524d\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u5c0d\u5176\u9032\u884c\u696d\u52d9\u6e2c\u8a66\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u524d\u6e2c\u3002\u57286\u500b\u6708\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u8a72\u54e1\u5de5\u6301\u7e8c\u63a5\u53d7\u696d\u52d9\u57f9\u8a13\u3002\u57f9\u8a13\u5167\u5bb9\u662f\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u54e1\u5de5\u7684\u696d\u7e3e\u8868\u73fe\u662f\u97ff\u61c9\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u57f9\u8a13\u5f8c\u5c0d\u54e1\u5de5\u9032\u884c\u696d\u52d9\u6e2c\u8a66\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u5f8c\u6e2c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u975c\u614b\u7d44\u6bd4\u8f03\uff08Static-Group Comparison\uff09\u3002\u5c072\u7d44\u62162\u7d44\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u8a66\u9a57\u7d44\u7f6e\u65bc\u89c0\u5bdf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7d44\u53d7\u5230\u67d0\u7a2e\u6cbb\u7642\u6216\u63a7\u5236\u56e0\u5b50\u6c34\u6e96\u503c\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7d44\u4fdd\u6301\u975c\u6b62\u3002\u5c0d\u6240\u6709\u7d44\u9032\u884c\u5f8c\u6e2c\uff0c\u4e26\u5047\u8a2d\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u7d44\u9593\u5dee\u7570\u5373\u70ba\u6cbb\u7642\u6548\u679c\u6216\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u51c6\u8a66\u9a57\u7814\u7a76\u8a2d\u8a08\u8207<\/strong>\u771f\u6b63\u8a66\u9a57\u7814\u7a76\u8a2d\u8a08\u65e2\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u9ede\u3002\u5728\u51c6\u8a66\u9a57\u7814\u7a76\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u7269\u4ef6\u4e0d\u662f\u96a8\u6a5f\u5206\u914d\u7684\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5f88\u5e38\u898b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6559\u80b2\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u6709\u6642\u4e0d\u5141\u8a31\u96a8\u6a5f\u9078\u53d6\u5b78\u751f\u4f5c\u70ba\u7814\u7a76\u7269\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u771f\u6b63\u8a66\u9a57\u7814\u7a76\u8a2d\u8a08<\/strong>\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u7d71\u8a08\u5206\u6790\u4f86\u9a57\u8b49\u6216\u5426\u5b9a\u67d0\u500b\u5047\u8aaa\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u6700\u6e96\u78ba\u7684\u8a66\u9a57\u7814\u7a76\u8a2d\u8a08\u985e\u578b\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u5c0d\u7167\u7d44\u548c\u8a66\u9a57\u7d44\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u56e0\u5b50\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u5206\u4f48\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u96a8\u6a5f\u7684\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u8a2d\u8a08\u5177\u9ad4\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5169\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u50c5\u5f8c\u6e2c\u5c0d\u7167\u7d44\u8a2d\u8a08\uff08Posttest-Only Control Group Design\uff09\u3002\u91dd\u5c0d\u8a66\u9a57\u7d44\u548c\u5c0d\u7167\u7d44\u5747\u53ea\u9032\u884c\u5f8c\u6e2c\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5f9e\u7d44\u9593\u5dee\u7570\u5f97\u51fa\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u524d\u6e2c-\u5f8c\u6e2c\u5c0d\u7167\u7d44\u8a2d\u8a08\uff08Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u8a66\u9a57\u7814\u7a76\u8a2d\u8a08\u9700\u8981\u907f\u514d\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5341\u500b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u554f\u984c\u6216\u8aa4\u5340\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5de5\u4f5c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u610f\u7fa9\uff08lack of significance\uff09\uff1a\u8a66\u9a57\u7814\u7a76\u8a2d\u8a08\u5fc5\u9808\u5305\u542b\u91dd\u5c0d\u201c\u90a3\u53c8\u600e\u6a23\uff08so what\uff09\u201d\u9019\u985e\u554f\u984c\u7684\u660e\u78ba\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u6e05\u6670\u8868\u9054\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9019\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5c0d\u8a72\u9818\u57df\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8ca2\u737b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6c92\u6709\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8207\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u6587\u737b\u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86\uff08not linking the past with your study\uff09\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u6709\u5168\u9762\u7684\u6587\u737b\u7d9c\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e26\u78ba\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u586b\u88dc\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u7a7a\u767d\u9ede\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7814\u7a76\u554f\u984c\u6c92\u6709\u5b9a\u7fa9\u597d\uff08poorly defined research problem\uff09\u6216\u4e0d\u5920\u5177\u9ad4\uff08lack of specificity\uff09\uff1a\u7531\u65bc\u5728\u9078\u64c7\u8a66\u9a57\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e4b\u524d\u5fc5\u9808\u5148\u78ba\u5b9a\u7814\u7a76\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u9808\u660e\u78ba\u5177\u9ad4\u5730\u5283\u5206\u548c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u6253\u7b97\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u76ee\u6a19\uff08objective\uff09\u3001\u7591\u554f\uff08question\uff09\u3001\u5047\u8aaa\uff08hypothesis\uff09\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bec\u6cdb\u3001\u7c60\u7d71\u6216\u6a21\u7cca\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7701\u4e8b\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08provincialism\uff09\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7bc4\u570d\u6216\u5730\u7406\u5340\u57df\u904e\u7a84\u3001\u62bd\u6a23\u6216\u5206\u6790\u904e\u65bc\u5c40\u9650\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u9069\u7528\u6027\u5c31\u6703\u5927\u6253\u6298\u6263\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6703\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0d\u5920\u5178\u578b\u6216\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u666e\u9069\u50f9\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7121\u6548\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u6846\u67b6\uff08invalid theoretical framework\uff09\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u69cb\u5efa\u4e00\u500b\u80fd\u5920\u88ab\u6aa2\u9a57\u7684\u3001\u5177\u6709\u660e\u78ba\u908f\u8f2f\u63a8\u5c0e\u601d\u8def\u7684\u5047\u8aaa\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5c0d\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u9032\u884c\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff08lack of discussion on research limitations\uff09\uff1b\u6bcf\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u6709\u67d0\u7a2e\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u548c\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u7f3a\u5931\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u5c0d\u7d50\u679c\u6709\u6548\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u61c9\u7576\u88ab\u7d0d\u5165\u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6216\u7d50\u8ad6\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u8a66\u9a57\u8a2d\u8a08\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b56\u5283\u6642\u4e88\u4ee5\u8003\u616e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6280\u8853\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0d\u6e05\u6670\uff08lack of clear description of research instruments and techniques\uff09\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u6536\u96c6\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982\u554f\u5377\u8abf\u67e5\uff09\u548c\u6280\u8853\uff08\u5982\u534a\u7d50\u69cb\u5316\u8a2a\u8ac7\uff09\u89e3\u6c7a\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u7576\u9019\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6280\u8853\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u5148\u9032\u7684\u6642\u5019\u3002\u9700\u8981\u8ad6\u8b49\u6240\u63a1\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6280\u8853\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u5920\u63d0\u4f9b\u5408\u7406\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u56de\u7b54\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u62bd\u6a23\uff08poor sampling\uff09\uff1a\u8a66\u9a57\u7814\u7a76\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5e38\u898b\u7f3a\u9677\u662f\u63a1\u7528\u63a5\u8fd1\u62bd\u6a23\uff08proximity sampling\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u62bd\u6a23\u6642\u53ea\u8003\u616e\u662f\u5426\u5bb9\u6613\u63a5\u89f8\u5230\u7814\u7a76\u7269\u4ef6\u548c\u662f\u5426\u5bb9\u6613\u7372\u5f97\u6a23\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u57fa\u65bc\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u7684\u4e4b\u771f\u6b63\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u7a2e\u62bd\u6a23\u65b9\u5f0f\u7522\u751f\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u5145\u5206\u6216\u4e0d\u6070\u7576\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u5206\u6790\uff08insufficient or improper statistical analysis\uff09\uff1a\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u5fc5\u9808\u5177\u6709\u5c0d\u7d71\u8a08\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5747\u503c\u3001\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6578\u7b49\u53c3\u6578\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u672a\u5145\u5206\u8003\u616e\u502b\u7406\u5f71\u97ff\uff08insufficient consideration on ethical implications\uff09\uff1a\u8a66\u9a57\u7814\u7a76\u8a2d\u8a08\u5fc5\u9808\u8003\u616e\u5982\u4f55\u5c07\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u964d\u5230\u6700\u4f4e\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u9084\u80fd\u4fdd\u8b49\u89e3\u6c7a\u6240\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5426\u5247\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u548c\u6709\u6548\u6027\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u8cea\u7591\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728\u79d1\u7814\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\u8ad6\u53ca\u7cfb\u7d71\u5de5\u7a0b\u3001\u8a66\u9a57\u8a2d\u8a08\u53ca\u512a\u5316\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u5de5\u7a0b\u662f\u4e09\u5927\u901a\u7528\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u7cfb\u7d71\u8ad6\u53ca\u7cfb\u7d71\u5de5\u7a0b\u662f\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7d71\u96c6\u6210\u70ba\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5f71\u97ff\u56e0\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8a66\u9a57\u8a2d\u8a08\u53ca\u512a\u5316\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u63a7\u5236\u56e0\u5b50\uff08\u5f15\u6578\uff09\u8207\u56de\u61c9\uff08\u56e0\u8b8a\u6578\uff09\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u548c\u5c0b\u512a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u5de5\u7a0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8a2d\u8a08\u548c\u7dad\u4fee\u7b49\u624b\u6bb5\u4f7f\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u5747\u503c\u548c\u504f\u5dee\u5728\u6982\u7387\u7d71\u8a08\u5206\u4f48\u4e0a\u5408\u7406\u4e26\u6eff\u8db3\u53ef\u9760\u5ea6\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u8a66\u9a57\u7814\u7a76\u8a2d\u8a08\uff08experimental research design\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31ERD\uff09\u662f\u6307\u8a66\u9a57\u7814\u7a76\uff08experimental research\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31ER\uff09\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u5ee3\u7fa9\u4e0a\u5c6c\u65bc\u8a66\u9a57\u8a2d\u8a08\uff08Design of Experiments\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31DoE\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5728\u72f9\u7fa9\u4e0a\u5c08\u6307\u5b89\u6392\u7814\u7a76\u5c0d\u8c61\u548c\u63ed\u793a\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u6216\u5c0d\u6bd4\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u8a66\u9a57\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u9700\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\uff08research\uff09\u4e26\u4e0d\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u8a66\u9a57\uff08experiment\uff09\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u5305\u62ec\u5169\u7a2e\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5373\u8a66\u9a57\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u627e\u51fa\u967d\u5149\u5c0d\u690d\u7269\u751f\u9577\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff09\u548c\u63a8\u8ad6\uff08deduction\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7562\u6c0f\u5b9a\u7406\u7684\u63a8\u5c0e\uff09\u3002\u8a66\u9a57\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u63a8\u8ad6\u7814\u7a76\u800c\u8a00\u3002\u6536\u96c6\u8a66\u9a57\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u6e2c\u91cf\uff08measurement\uff09\u3001\u6e2c\u8a66\uff08testing\uff09\u3001\u6a21\u64ec\uff08simulation\uff09\u3001\u8a08\u7b97\uff08computation\uff09\u3001\u8abf\u67e5\u554f\u5377\uff08survey\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u8a66\u9a57\u9700\u8981\u5177\u6709\u8b8a\u6578\uff08variable\uff09\u548c\u74b0\u5883\uff08setting\uff09\u9019\u5169\u500b\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u8b8a\u6578\u5305\u62ec\u56e0\u5b50\uff08factor\uff09\u548c\u56de\u61c9\uff08response\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u56e0\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u70ba\u63a7\u5236\u56e0\u5b50\uff08control factor\uff09\u548c\u96dc\u8a0a\u56e0\u5b50\uff08noise factor\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5206\u70ba\u5177\u6709\u986f\u8457\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u56e0\u5b50\uff08significant factor\uff09\u548c\u7121\u95dc\u7684\u56e0\u5b50\uff08extraneous factor\uff09\u3002\u74b0\u5883\u6307\u8a66\u9a57\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u786c\u9ad4\u8a2d\u5099\u3001\u8edf\u9ad4\u63a7\u5236\u689d\u4ef6\u3001\u8a66\u6a23\uff08\u6216\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\uff0c\u7d71\u7a31\u7814\u7a76\u5c0d\u8c61\uff09\u3002 \u6539\u8b8a\u63a7\u5236\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u53d6\u503c\uff0c\u89c0\u5bdf\u7814\u7a76\u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5f97\u51fa\u5c0d\u6bd4\u6027\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5c0d\u7167\u7d44\uff09\u6216\u975e\u5c0d\u6bd4\u6027\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u5c0d\u7167\u7d44\uff09\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u6aa2\u9a57\u7d50\u8ad6\u4e26\u9a57\u8b49\u5047\u8aaa\uff08hypothesis\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u8a66\u9a57\u7814\u7a76\u5340\u5225\u65bc\u975e\u8a66\u9a57\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u5373\u63a8\u8ad6\u7814\u7a76\uff09\u7684\u9996\u8981\u672c\u8cea\u7279\u5fb5\u3002\u8a66\u9a57\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u7279\u5fb5\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u4f9d\u8cf4\u5c0d\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5bb9\u6613\u767c\u751f\u4eba\u70ba\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u63a7\u5236\u56e0\u5b50\u9078\u64c7\u932f\u8aa4\u3001\u7121\u95dc\u56e0\u5b50\u63a7\u5236\u932f\u8aa4\u3001\u96dc\u8a0a\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u6790\u932f\u8aa4\u3002\u8a66\u9a57\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u56e0\u5b50\u548c\u56de\u61c9\u4e0a\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u63a8\u7406\u932f\u8aa4\u548c\u8a66\u9a57\u7d50\u8ad6\u7121\u6548\u3002 \u8a66\u9a57\u7814\u7a76\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u56e0\u5b50\u5c0d\u56de\u61c9\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5ee3\u6cdb\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u5b78\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u6280\u8853\u3001\u91ab\u5b78\u7b49\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u5b78\u79d1\u9818\u57df\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u6bd4\u8f03\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u8a66\u9a57\u7814\u7a76\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u53d6\u540c\u4e00\u7a2e\u690d\u7269\u7684\u5169\u500b\u6a23\u672c\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u967d\u5149\u4e0b\uff08\u7a31\u70ba\u6a23\u672cA\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u9060\u96e2\u967d\u5149\uff08\u7a31\u70ba\u6a23\u672cB\uff09\u3002\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6f86\u6c34\u7b49\u57f9\u80b2\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7576\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u675f\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u6a23\u672cA\u6301\u7e8c\u751f\u9577\u800c\u6a23\u672cB\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1a\u967d\u5149\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u8a72\u690d\u7269\u7684\u751f\u9577\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u884c\u70ba\u5b78\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e3b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8a66\u9a57\u65b9\u6cd5\u6e2c\u8a66\u4eba\u985e\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u96a8\u6a5f\u9078\u64c7\u5169\u500b\u4eba\u6210\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u4e92\u52d5\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u653e\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u623f\u9593\u8b93\u5176\u5728\u4e00\u5e74\u5167\u4e0d\u8207\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u4ea4\u5f80\uff0c\u800c\u5c07\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5b89\u6392\u5728\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u4eba\u5c45\u4f4f\u6216\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u623f\u9593\u5167\uff0c\u4eab\u53d7\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u3002\u5728\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u675f\u6642\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u5bb6\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u9019\u5169\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002 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